GRFT is now tradable on TradeOgre.com

Well, we can’t say we planned on it, but GRFT is now tradable on TradeOgre exchange.

Our focus exchange-wise has been on getting a higher tier exchange that can be a solid part of the GRAFT eco-system for in-network exchanges; however, since GRAFT is a public, decentralized blockchain, if a new exchange that needs to gain some traction in the market decides to list it, there’s little that we can do to stop them. This is what happened with TradeOgre* – they have unilaterally decided to list GRFT, so we woke up to the fact that GRFT was tradeable.

While it came as a surprise, the fact that GRFT is now tradeable allows people who were in for a quick turnaround to get out quickly. We don’t see and never positioned GRAFT as a “turn a quick profit story” so we’re relieved to see the balance shift back to the folks who appreciate GRAFT for its long-term potential.

*TradeOgre is a new budding exchange with little real history, so if you decide to trade, please do so at your own risk.

Important Changes in GRAFT Design

Combined PoW/PoS (proof-of-work/proof-of-stake) algorithm was one of the most important proposals in the original GRAFT white paper. After getting some real-life experience with running the mainnet since January 16th, and based on feedback received from multiple miners and potential supernode owners, the GRAFT team realized that there is big difference between “combined” and “coupled”. The proposal of the “combined” PoW/PoS was in fact “loosely coupled” PoW/PoS. The problem with coupled PoW/PoS is that the PoW power is mostly consolidated in a few large pools, which limits the ability to create a large number of independent full supernodes. This process of consolidation happened very fast because 1) we use CryptoNote/CryptoNight protocol which is very well known in miners’ community and 2) our project received good attention and massive support of miners community, with many miners spending significant resources to contribute to the network hashrate (which is great!).

With that said, we decided to make the following changes in RTA (“real time authorization”) design:

1. “Decouple” PoW and PoS, so the full supernode will require only the stake (PoS), effectively eliminating the requirement to mine a block in order to run the full supernode. The full supernode will only require a stake (50,000 GRFT) in order to be eligible for processing RTA. We modify the authorization sample selection algorithm so instead of looking at recent mined blocks it will compare the hash of the supernode’s PoS wallet with the hash of the last mined block (height – 30). The main idea here is that the selection is random while the result is deterministic for anyone who calculates the formula. The Tx fee is still equally distributed between the members of the authorization sample; the miner also receives the share of the fee.

2. Introduce 4-tier stake model where a higher tier has a greater chance to be selected into authorization sample, while the selection process is still random.

50,000 GRFT – tier 1

90,000 GRFT – tier 2

150,000 GRFT – tier 3

250,000 GRFT – tier 4

Each tier participates in a random selection of 2 sample supernodes (a total of 8 full supernodes). Thus, naturally, tier 4 supernode has more chances to be selected due to the limited number of tier 4 supernodes. “Empty” spots are filled by the higher level tiers (or lower in absence of higher). This algorithm is also adaptive as it will “regulate” the average number of full supernodes on each level.

3. Allow delegated stake. Balances from multiple wallets can be “delegated” to a single full supernode in order to form a stake significant enough to run a full supernode. The earnings are distributed between the wallets according to their stake share. Minimum balance for delegated stake is 5,000 GRFT.

4. Introduce 2-tier transaction fee. The RTA (“instant confirmation”) Tx fee will be set to 0.5% of Tx amount or 0.01 GRAFT, whichever is greater. RTA transaction is used for real time point-of-sale purchases, in store or online, similar to credit/debit card payments. The regular (“slow”) transfer fee will remain the same: 0.1% or 0.01 GRAFT, whichever is greater, for micropayments (Tx amount less than 1,000 GRFT), and Log(1000) of Tx amount – for Tx amounts greater than 1,000 GRFT. This transaction type is used for transfers between accounts, similar to ACH bank transfers.

Although these changes may resemble some existing implementations of PoS and masternodes, GRAFT solution is still a unique combination of most private blockchain protocol (CryptoNote), advanced principles of PoS and multi-tier networks, and new approach to crypto payment processing with features like low Tx fee, the fee charged to the recipient, functional separation between the Wallet and Point-of-sale apps, various retail transaction types, service brokers, and more. GRAFT development team has already started design and implementation of all the features and changes above.

Sample Earnings / ROI Calculations

As can be seen from this calculator, the full supernode income depends on 1) number of transactions in the network, 2) number of full supernodes in the network, 3) average transaction amount, and 4) the stake tier of the full supernode.

The following were the assumptions for these calculations:

Additional Income Sources for Supernodes

In addition to transaction fees, the full supernode owners can also charge Service Broker fees. Service Broker fees are the fees that customers pay to the full supernode owner in return for Service Level Agreements (SLA) and DAPI access. These fees can be metered or flat, depending on the business arrangement the supernode owner wants to offer. More on this later…

Changing symbol to GRFT and grf:token clarification

To avoid confusion with a defunct Graffiti coin which used symbol GRF, we have decided to change the name of the coin to GRFT.

*The change was first announced on Telegraph and other social media channels around Jan 23, 2018.

To further clarify naming convention, grf:token is a NEM token that was used to transfer tokens to presellers. grf:token was issued pre 1:100 split, so the owners of grf:token receive 100 GRFT’s for 1 grf:token during the exchange.

1:100 Split

Price Cup of Coffee Bitcoin vs GRAFT

What’s the difference between 0.01 and 1? When it comes to a price of cup of coffee, the difference is pretty substantial.

Over the course of the last month or so, we’ve been talking to users, customers, and potential investors, it became clear that one of the things that bothers people about Bitcoin and other major “investment” cryptocurrencies is that they always require a calculator when trying to pay for anything, as the numbers have a lot of .00 in front of them, with the situation likely to get even worse.

Since we’re targeting the retail segment with GRAFT, we thought it’s important to pay attention to the usability at the point of sale. Even though GRAFT is initially intended to be a “hidden” currency, facilitating a payment using one type of currency into another, longer term it’s possible that it will become more visible, and if it does, dealing with whole number is a whole lot easier than dealing with a lot of decimals.

As an added bonus, this makes the purchase price psychologically more palatable to the investors.

After weighing all pro’s and con’s and doing testing to the algorithms to confirm feasibility, we have decided to go forward with the change.

We’re keeping everything else (emission formula, coin distribution percentages, and valuation) the same, just multiplying the size of emission by 100.

If you have received grf:token so far as part of the Presale, service, or bounty programs, we will apply the split at the time of conversion to the GRF coin.

Paying with Bitcoin at a Restaurant – First Hand Experience

I was in Ukraine last week working on setting up some of the operation back there. The country is famous for its fabulous food and tech talent. It’s also very fast at adopting new trends. An associate mentioned a restaurant that was accepting cryptocurrency, so I decided to check it out.

Not only was the restaurant and food fantastic and fairly inexpensive, paying with Bitcoin actually worked and worked quickly! What’s the catch? Well, the fee I ended up paying on the $25 transaction was a whopping $7 (around 25%).

Now, that was the price of prioritizing the transaction in order to make it into the next block and illustrates the problem of paying with Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies that are not designed for point of sale – there’s no real-time authorization protocol that is required in order for the point of sale payments to work. GRAFT solves this problem by implementing real-time authorizations.

The other issue is who pays the fee – it shouldn’t be the customer (me) – it should have been the restaurant. GRAFT addresses that problem as well.

Later I found and talked to the the integrator about deploying this and other restaurant locations.. They said even though the interest is there from merchants to take crypto in order to attract customers and provide progressive image, they face resistance from the owners who are unsure about the legal status of accepting crypto, and the way they are able to address those concerns is to do payouts in fiat so the merchant never has to touch crypto. This is a pretty good way to address this issue with merchants and is consistent with GRAFT’s approach of giving merchants payout preferences.

The Beauty of Cryptography: Why We Chose to Build GRAFT Platform on CryptoNote Protocol

Is cryptography a science or an art? Its fruits are beautiful, and only true art can produce a beauty! Dostoevsky said “beauty will save the world.” The beauty of cryptography will save privacy and security of our world in a time of total connectivity.

Look at Elliptic Curves, a public key encryption algorithm used in digital signatures by both Bitcoin and CryptoNote protocols. They are beautiful even if you don’t understand the math. They become even more charming when you start understanding. In my recent book, Bitcoin for Nonmathematicians, I tried to explain, without higher mathematics, in layman’s terms, how Elliptic Curves work. It’s not impossible to understand them if you really want to. But they are huge and mind-blowing. And they are just one piece of CryptoNote protocol, which is one of the highest achievements of cryptography.

CryptoNote stands out of all other blockchain protocols because it provides something we all need: privacy. We often take privacy for granted and only regret when we lose it. Ironically, Bitcoin and its derivatives take a step backward in privacy area comparing to older payment technologies such as cash or even plastic cards which became an inglorious symbol of compromised security and privacy. Bitcoin creator(s) either did not think about privacy, or simply did not have enough time to resolve all the problems, which is absolutely understandable as they had even more important problem to solve: the very existence of blockchain technology.

CryptoNote keeps all the benefits of blockchain technologies, which are well known, while “returning” the lost privacy features: untraceable payments, unlinkable transactions, blockchain analysis resistance, and confidential transaction amounts. On top of that, Graft adds confidential transaction fee amounts to complete the picture. CryptoNote creates a perfect solid foundation for building a variety of industry-related features which Graft brings to light in order to conquer the world of payments.

Cryptocurrency Service Brokers

A set of cryptocurrency service brokers will be available for each major cryptocurrency listed on https://coinmarketcap.com/, starting from the top of “top 10” by market capitalization. The service brokers will boost liquidity of each cryptocurrency by enabling various payment options on both buyer’s and merchant’s sides of the transaction. The cryptocurrency service brokers will be implemented in collaboration with existing or/and newly created exchanges. Multiple choices for each cryptocurrency eventually will be available, so they could compete in order to provide better rates and services. The variety of services and automated sign up, selection, and execution processes will keep the decentralized character of the network.

Every single set includes four service brokers implemented for each cryptocurrency. Pay-in and Top-up brokers work with the GRAFT wallet app to allow a buyer to use the selected cryptocurrency as a payment method when making a payment to GRAFT points of sale (POS), native wallet apps, non-GRAFT POS integrated with GRAFT DAPI, or non-GRAFT POS that accepts the selected cryptocurrency. Accept and Payout brokers work with GRAFT POS to allow a merchant to accept the selected as a payment method while conducting payment transactions with GRAFT wallet app or NEM wallets.

Pay-in Broker

Pay-in broker works with GRAFT Wallet App to facilitate a payment to a native cryptocurrency wallet or non-GRAFT POS accepting the cryptocurrency.

In this scenario, the Pay-in Broker creates a regular cryptocurrency transaction in native format for the particular network and sends it to the native recipient address. There is a network transaction fee which is in this case charged to the sender because the transaction is not fully facilitated by the GRAFT network. The payment is not processed instantly because the recipient is not participating in Graft network. This scenario is less beneficial than GRF transaction for both buyer and merchant because of the lower speed of transaction and transaction fees paid by the buyer. However, it is supported by Graft in order to keep the buyer’s wallet flexible and useful even outside of the Graft ecosystem.

Pay-in Broker will instantly exchange necessary amount of GRF from buyer’s account to the selected cryptocurrency. The buyer pays a small exchange fee to the Pay-in Broker, which can be paid in a form of exchange rate.

Top-Up Broker

Top-Up Broker works with GRAFT wallet to perform on-demand exchange of the selected cryptocurrency to GRF in order to allow payments to GRAFT POS or non-GRAFT POS integrated with GRAFT DAPI.

This scenario is the most beneficial for both the buyer and the merchant because all the fees (including the network fees of the target cryptocurrency) are paid by the merchant, and payment is approved instantly. For the buyer, the benefits are obvious – no fees associated with the payment, and ability to pay with the target cryptocurrency to a merchant that does not accept it. For the merchant, it is important to get instant authorization in order to be able to serve more customers in real time, and accept payments in various cryptocurrencies. The fact that all the fees are paid by the merchant, just like with “traditional” credit/debit card payments, allows much better customer conversion rates.

Top-Up broker can also process exchanges on demand with larger amounts and better rates.

Accept Broker

Accept Broker works with GRAFT POS to facilitate acceptance of selected cryptocurrency as a payment method in case the buyer does not have GRAFT wallet. Accept Broker receives funds in selected cryptocurrency and converts them to GRF.

The (selected cryptocurrency) network transaction fee is still paid by the buyer, unless the buyer uses GRAFT wallet app. If the buyer uses GRAFT wallet, the wallet recognizes the GRAFT POS and automatically converts the payment transaction to instant transaction in GRF.

The merchant payout is processed by Accept Broker in GRF instantly, hourly, daily, or on demand, depending on settings, or in other cryptocurrency or fiat currency if corresponding payout brokers are activated.

From the buyer’s point of view, the transaction looks similar to regular transaction between native cryptocurrency wallets.

Payout Broker

Payout Broker works with GRAFT POS to facilitate merchant payouts in selected cryptocurrency. Payout broker exchanges GRF available on the POS account to selected cryptocurrency and makes deposits to the associated account instantly, hourly, daily, or on demand, depending on settings.

Payout Fees

Payout fees/exchange rates for payouts processed by either Accept or Payout service brokers may vary on frequency of the payout. Depending on transaction volume, daily payouts can cost significantly less than instant payouts since the broker can accumulate more funds and pay just a single network fee for single payout transaction, comparing to paying a separate fee for each instant payout transaction.

Who Should Buy GRAFT Tokens?

[edsanimate_start entry_animation_type= “slideInUp” entry_delay= “0” entry_duration= “0.5” entry_timing= “linear” exit_animation_type= “” exit_delay= “” exit_duration= “” exit_timing= “” animation_repeat= “1” keep= “yes” animate_on= “load” scroll_offset= “” custom_css_class= “”][edsanimate_end] GRAFT Network enables crypto payments to work similarly to other payment processing networks (like Visa, Mastercard, Amex) by supporting special functions such as instant authorizations, merchant paid fees, etc GRAFT tokens are the lifeblood of GRAFT Network and are used as a specialized interim medium which provides the functions needed for POS-style payment processing. GRAFT tokens are also used for Proof-of-Stake protocol (where the credibility of the nodes is proven by presenting the network token ownership.)

So who should consider getting GRAFT tokens and why?

Here are some of the potential actors and usages:
  1. SuperNode Operators looking to make fees on authorizations
  2. Service Brokers (Payment processors, exchanges, risk managers, etc) need GRAFT tokens as Proof-of-Stake to be able provide services on the network
  3. Users need GRAFT tokens to be able to buy from merchants who participate in GRAFT Network
  4. Merchants who are looking to run a loyalty program
  5. Merchants who are looking to do mining or run a authorization Supernode

GRAFT Merchant Tokens: Introducing VChains

Merchant token is a simple smart contract that allows creating a private token that belongs to its owner. Unlike some other smart contract and token platforms, creation of GRAFT merchant token does not require any programming and can be done by anyone.

The business features described below are typically associated with using complex third party service providers and high implementation costs, which makes those services inaccessible for small to medium size businesses and expensive to large businesses. GRAFT Merchant tokens allow any merchant to implement those important business features with minimum efforts and low cost.

Types of Merchant Tokens

Store Credits

Store Credits are typically utilized by merchants for performing purchase returns and exchanges, when return cannot be done using the original payment method, or the merchant’s return policy does not allow the full refund. Store Credit essentially transforms return to exchange, so the merchant does not lose the customer and associated revenue.

Store Credit Token can be linked to the item price in local fiat currency, so the customer can use those tokens during next purchase “instead” of or in addition to the payment with local fiat currency. Store Credit tokens usually either do not expire or have very distant expiration date as they are basically replace the fiat currency.

Loyalty Rewards

Loyalty Rewards is powerful marketing instrument which attracts customers and increases spending. Loyalty Rewards can be awarded with each purchase, or as one-time bonus, or using other models. The rewards than can be used to makes purchases of particular items or all items, or converted to cash. Loyalty Rewards are not necessarily linked directly to fiat or crypto currency as they can be spend to provide discount or buy a special “unique” reward items that are not available for sale using other methods of payment.

Loyalty Rewards usually have relatively close expiration date. This way the merchant “stimulates” earning more rewards and eliminates accumulation of very large amounts of reward points that can become useless.

GIft Certificates

Gift Certificates can be issued by merchant in order to attract customers. In order to increase the effect, gift certificates can be sold with discount (for less than their nominal price). Gift Certificate tokens usually either do not expire or have very distant expiration date as they are basically represent the fiat currency.

Discount Coupons

Discount coupons can be used for one-time or long term promotions. The coupons can be distributed publicly or to individuals, in wallet or paper form. The coupon then can be scanned by point of sale in order to get discounted or even free item.

Transactions with Merchant Tokens

Create

Creating new merchant token (“smart contract”). Can be done using point of sale app.

Renew

Renew merchant token (“smart contract”). Can be done using point of sale app.

Add

Add more merchant tokens to the circulation.

Issue

Merchant’s point of sale sends merchant tokens to the customer wallet or prints a paper wallet.

Redeem

Customer redeems merchant tokens at merchant’s point of sale using wallet app or paper wallet.

Merchant Token Fees

All the merchant token fees are paid to the current supernode authorization sample.

Merchant Token Transaction Fees

Merchant always pays the token transaction fee, which means the buyer never pays the fee. A regular transaction fee is applied to each transaction with merchant token, including adding, issuing, and redemption. As GRAFT fees are proportional to transaction amount, the fee is calculated based on 1 token = 1 GRF, although it’s not necessarily that the token has any direct link to the GRF or other currency. It’s important to note that GRAFT fees are calculated based on logarithmical formula so there is no danger of paying high fee on large amounts.

Initialization and Renewal Fees

The initial Create transaction implies a special higher fee because it is associated with naming a token. In order to prevent “domain squatting”, the initial fee is set to a reasonable amount that prevents massive abuse. Initialization fee of 5 GRF is required to generate a new merchant token smart contract (Create transaction). The renewal fee is 10 GRF.

VChain

VChain allows creating a virtual chain of stores so multiple point of sales can be “connected’ to the same private “virtual blockchain”. Thus, there is a dual meaning of word “Vchain”: virtual chain and virtual blockchain. Vchain creates a private common platform for managing merchant tokens and items catalogue.

Merchants can create their own private vchain which is going to be accessible only by this particular merchant and contain all information about its tokens. Vchain allows connecting multiple points of sale or even creating a chain of multiple stores. Points of sale that belong to the same vchain can issue and accept the same merchant tokens, use the same shared item catalog stored and maintained on the blockchain, generate aggregated transaction reports, and more.

Buyers can use vchain to link multiple wallets so they can manage multiple accounts and move funds between those accounts without paying fees. This feature is useful for family and corporate accounts.

VChain Fees

There is initialization annual fee of 5 GRF for creating a new Vchain smart contract. The renewal fee is 10 GRF. Those fees are required to securely process the smart contract and prevent system abuse. There is a separate annual fee of 10 GRF for adding another point of sale or wallet to the vchain.

All vchain fees are paid to the current supernode authorization sample.